Histological Development of Grafting in Apple in Cold and High Altitude Conditions

The purpose of this study is to briefly describe graft fusion in relation tissue formation in some apple varieties grafted by chip and T buddings on MM106 in cold climatic and high altitude conditions. Effects of enviromental conditions on plant growing is well known. Plants grow strongly in warm and humid places.But, in cold climate and high altitude conditions grow weak. Therefore, graftings which made in different ecological condition may show different grafting formation time. In such places it is important that the graft fusion takes place rapidly. The short-term fusion will be effective in faster and stronger development of grafted plants.For his reason, it is important to know the most useful grafting method in high and cold places.In this research, it was observed that stocks and scions fits very well and no large gaps and although the callus formation was shorter in chip budding, it soon filled all the voids, and as a result, the cambial continuity and strong vascular connection occurred in short time. For these reasons, chip budding were found more suitable due to less necrotic tissues formation and wounds heal more quiclky compared to classic “T” budding for production of apple sapling in cold climate and high altitude conditions.