Biocontrol Potential and Mechanisms of Action of Plant Associated Yeast

Yeasts, single-celled fungi, have established themselves as effective biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens, demonstrating mechanisms such as nutrient and space competition, secretion of antimicrobial compounds, and induction of plant resistance. Their genetic stability, resilience to harsh conditions, and ease of cultivation on low-cost media enhance their applicability in agriculture. This review explores the diverse modes of action employed by yeasts, including biofilm formation, production of lytic enzymes, volatile organic compounds, and mycoparasitism, all contributing to their biocontrol efficacy. Notable registered yeast species like Candida oleophila, Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia fructicola, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae showcase commercial potential in managing plant diseases, with various products already available in the market. Additionally, yeast strains have been shown to enhance plant growth, improving crop vigour and yield. The commercial applications of yeast-based bioproducts highlight their potential as sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides in agriculture, emphasizing their importance in integrated disease management strategies.