Role of Trace Elements in Heart Failure

This study more on the role of trace elements such as iron(Fe), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), cobalt(Co), selenium(sn) on the medicinal conditions like heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, pericardial effusion, keshan’s disease and various other cardiovascular diseases. This study highlights the levels of individual trace elements or the elements which are present in minute quantities either it is a deficiency or in excess which can lead to various different cardiac diseases such mainly focusing on heart failure. it also stresses on the side of heart failure as it may be right-sided or left sided based on the location of deficiency. In an averagely built human adult, 0.02percent constitute of eleven essential trace elements. It also discusses that inadequate consumption of these minor elements via diet may lead to pathological conditions of heart. This study also throws light on the classification of trace elements given by Frieden in 1981,broadly classified as micro elements, trace elements, and ultra-trace elements on the basis of amount detected in tissues of averagely built human adult , further trace elements are classified as essential trace elements, probable essential trace elements, physically beneficial trace elements, .the basic pathophysiology and etiology is also given which can lead to heart failure and various other cardiovascular diseases or conditions. Diagnosis of various diseases can be made by monitoring the levels of various trace elements and it can also help to reduce the risk of having heart related medicinal conditions by including these minor elements in diet so as to improve the operating condition of heart this study also focuses on the dietary sources of trace elements. Cardiovascular emergency can also be avoided by continuous monitoring of subjects who are at high risk.